The participation of women in the NREGA has been observed to vary across different regions of the nation. [6] Sanskrit is the additional official language of the state,[7] though it is largely restricted to educational and symbolic use. This majestic bird is the state bird of Himachal Pradesh. Himachal Pradesh (Hindi: [ɦɪˈmaːtʃəl pɾəˈdeːʃ] (listen); lit. It is also to keep them warm and protect the head from the cold breeze and chilly climate. The State of Bilaspur was merged into Himachal Pradesh on 1 July 1954 by the Himachal Pradesh and Bilaspur (New State) Act, 1954. 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[64] The state has an abundance of hydropower resources because of the presence of various perennial rivers. [128] The Rashtriya Madhayamic Shiksha Abhiyan launched in 2009, is a similar scheme but focuses on improving access to quality secondary education. faceted realities of the people living in different climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh. It is spread over 21,495 sq mi (55,670 km2), and is bordered by Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the west and south-west, Haryana and Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east. Kala, C.P. [120] The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is another HP government initiative that not only aims for universal elementary education but also encourages communities to engage in the management of schools. [51] Expenditure on agriculture and allied activities increased from 14.4% in the First Plan to 32% in the Third Plan, showing a progressive decline afterwards from 24% in the Fourth Plan to less than 10% in the Tenth Plan. Kala, C.P. [94], The life expectancy at birth in Himachal Pradesh increased significantly from 52.6 years in the period from 1970 to 1975 (above the national average of 49.7 years) to 72.0 years for the period 2011–15 (above the national average of 68.3 years). The driver of the truck survived the accident and has been detained. They came into direct conflict with the British along the tarai belt after which the British expelled them from the provinces of the Satluj. In 1966, hilly areas of neighboring Punjab state were merged into Himachal and it was ultimately granted full statehood in 1971. Summers go on from April to June. The average maximum temperature hovers around 35°C, and the minimum temperature is around 28°C. The annual rainfall of Himachal Pradesh is 2909 to 3800 mm. Himachal Pradesh is spread across valleys with many perennial rivers flowing through them. [110] The colour of the Himachali caps has been an indicator of political loyalties in the hill state for a long period of time with Congress party leaders like Virbhadra Singh donning caps with green band and the rival BJP leader Prem Kumar Dhumal wearing a cap with maroon band. During 2019-20 snowfall was estimated and analysed with reference to the average value of the total area under snow in each month from October to May in 2018-19, he added. The Highlands of Kerala, which is an area of major tourist attraction, enjoys a cool and invigorating climate the year-round . Himachal Pradesh became a union territory on 1 November 1956. Monsoon se Assembly meetings are presided over by the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence. [86], Himachal Pradesh has a total population of 6,864,602 including 3,481,873 males and 3,382,729 females according to the Census of India 2011. 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