Flatweed poisoning has also been called “Australian Stringhalt” because the symptoms mimic those of stringhalt, both conditions being disturbances of the nervous system. Affected horses have difficult in stepping backward; others have such severe hyperflexion of the hind limbs when walking that the abdomen is kicked. St. John's wart. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZs_WBKZ-PwC&pg;=PA197  This includes regularly checking and removing trees, plants and weeds that may be toxic to your horse. Goodluck with the horse, some come right & some dont. Basically, when the symptoms and signs are noted, simple removal of the horse from the environment in which he ingested the toxin will allow the symptoms and signs to generally improve. If you have horses grazing in pastures, it is in your best interest as well as those of the horse, to get acquainted with the various parts of the plant. may collect a share of sales or other compensation from the links on this page. The sudden hyperflexion of the gambrel joint is referred to as stringhalt gait. The pasture must be regularly checked for toxic weeds. Print Print Print Post; Email Email Email to a friend; Newsletter Newsletter Subscribe; Facebook Share on Facebook; Twitter Share on Twitter; While monarch butterflies require milkweed to complete their life cycle, horses are best served by ignoring the ubiquitous plant. Flatweed tastes good to your horse, so he will seek it out in the pasture or hay that you may be feeding, thus complicating any efforts on your part and those of your vet to eliminate it from the diet of your horse and herd. H. radicata is linked to some cases of stringhalt in horses. Additionally, some vets have gotten beneficial results from treatment with phenytoin and thiamine.Â. Here are some of the symptoms you may note in your horse with flatweed poisoning: These symptoms may take weeks of grazing on the plant to develop and increased episodes have been documented during the late summer season, though the plant’s growing period is generally from May to November, depending on the climate. And also, how long after being removed from the flatweed can I expect her symptoms to dissipate?  Therapy for false dandelion poisoning may involve months and even years. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant drug. The veterinarian may want to go over the medical history of the horse and ask to see deworming and immunization records. Signs: Affected horses may appear to have tense or clenched facial muscles, and they are unable to bite or chew their food effectively. This can last for up to four days before the poor horse deteriorates and dies (or more likely, humane euthanasia will have taken place). If catsear is dominating in turf or pasture, it often also suggests that nutrient levels in the soil are low, as catsear is more tolerant of low fertility than many grass species. carring3@msu.edu. Common in horses & cattle; sheep and goats are more resistant. Although the Australian stringhalt type is caused by the ingestion of toxic weeds such as flatweeds, the origin of the classic type is still unknown. False Dandelion or Flat Weed Toxicity in Horses Flatweed is common in drought-prone areas. Your horse will need follow up visits to monitor his progress. Horses who suffer from chronic cases of flatweed poisoning will show muscle atrophy over time. The plant most commonly linked to PSH is Hypochoeris radicata, also known as false dandelion, flatweed, or cat’s ear, though poor-quality, drought-scarred pasture is thought also to be implicated. Thankfully, these plants are generally not eaten by our equine friends, but in paddocks that are overgrazed, or in drought periods, when feed is low and poor, the likelihood of ingestion of these plants becomes higher.  The botanic name for false weed is hypochaeris radicata. If eaten it can cause stringhalt in horses.  False dandelion is similar in appearance to the common dandelion but the flowers are larger.  Proper pasture management is important for the health of your horse as many toxic plants and weeds can be fatal if ingested. Despite its name, Australian stringhalt can affect horses worldwide and has commonly been reported in the United States, New Zealand and Australia. Rine odor on breathe. Studies have been done, and are ongoing, which are attempting to ascertain the link between the ingestion of the flatweed and the stringhalt-like symptoms which have historically been associated with it. False dandelion is also called flatweed and catsear. www.massey.ac.nz/massey/learning/departments/centres-research/equine-research-centre/projects/does-flatweed-cause-stringhalt.cfm, Why would you have a photo of Hieracium aurantiacum, orange hawkweed at the top of this page (or do you use it on every page)? Though the symptoms are quite similar to those of stringhalt, when the horse is removed from the source of the toxin, the symptoms generally resolve over time.  The patient may be started on fluids via an intravenous to keep him hydrated and to help administer medications. Dogs have shown signs after ingesting 2.4 g of nuts/kg body weight. Other plants have also been linked to Stringhalt or Stringhalt like symptoms these are Lathyrus species (Sweet pea), and … Symptomatic and supportive care essential. ALPHABETICALLY BY COMMON NAME .  He can help you identify what plants are toxic and what plants you should have growing on your property for your horse to enjoy. *Wag! The affected horses develop unilateral or bilateral excessive flexion of the stifle and hock joints that causes a characteristic 'stringhalt' gait and eventual recumbemcy. As noted above, your vet will likely recommend removal of the horse from the source of flatweed as well as stall rest. False dandelion is palatable to horses, so if it is growing in the pasture your horse will gladly ingest it. Horses are relatively selective grazers and poisoning is comparatively rare, but when feed selection is restricted or when toxic plants are included in prepared feeds, many horses are poisoned.  The more false dandelion the horse ingests, the more damage to the nerves will result. Beneficial plants and grasses should be available for the horse to forage on. Stringhalt in Horses Stringhalt seems to make horses yank their legs up and halt them there momentarily before taking their next step. Although it is known as Australian stringhalt, it can occur worldwide and cases have been reported in California. Key words: equine, horses, mycoto xicoses, plant poisoning, toxicity. While the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is non-toxic to horses, the false dandelion otherwise known as Flatweed or Catsear is known to cause stringhalt. Copper toxicity. Botha C J, Naudé T W Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of importance in horses in southern A frica. The mechanism of toxicity is not known. False dandelion is similar in appearance to the common dandelion but the flowers are larger. Spasms can also sometimes … Horses have to ingest a lot greater quantities of nitrate high feed to cause poisoning, but it can occur. The botanic name for false weed is hypochaeris radicata. Remember, your horse likes its taste and will seek it out if it is available. There are recent studies that show that treating false dandelion poisoning with botulinum (Botox) can help reduce the clinical signs. Horses with residual gait abnormality after plant toxicity or traumatic neuropathy and horses with stringhalt caused by degenerative peripheral neuropathy may benefit from lateral digital extensor myotenectomy. Dogs experimentally dosed with commercially prepared macadamia nuts at 20 g/kg developed clinical signs within 12 hr and were clinically normal without treatment within 48 hr.  The veterinarian will want to see how the horse is responding to the medications and physical therapy. Toxicity. may collect a share of sales or other compensation from the links on this page. Other plants have been associated with stringhalt or stringhalt-like gait abnormalities: Lathyrus species (sweet peas), Taraxacum officiale (dandelion), and Malva parviflora (marshmallow).  While no absolute link has been established, the good news for the horse owner/handler is that flatweed poisoning is much easier to diagnose than those causes which have been associated with stringhalt. Signs similar to toxicity induced by S-methylcysteine sulfoxide (a rare toxic amino acid in Brassica species) in livestock. Coughing / Loud Breathing / Muscle Atrophy / Noisy Breathing / Seizures, Involuntary lifting or jerking up of legs, May drag hind hooves and show signs of lack of muscle control. If temp is below 15'C cloudy and cold, do not put horses on paddocks. It has been associated with a health problem known as Australian stringhalt. I suspect that my mare has ingested flatweed as she (seasonally) shows signs of stringhalt. Horses experiencing less severe symptoms of false dandelion poisoning have a better prognosis to make a full recovery. It is important to maintain the pasture your horse grazes on.  If a poisonous plant is suspected, he may want to see where the horse forages.  Thiamine may be recommended; the supplement is known to have a calming effect in horses. False dandelion poisoning in horses is caused by the extended ingestion of the plant, affecting the peripheral nervous system. Your horse must not be allowed on the pasture until the false dandelion is removed. There are many poisonous weeds in Australia (and around the world) that are responsible for serious illness and death in horses. Whether a nutritional deficiency (energy, minerals or vitamins) or a plant toxicity or a combination of the two is the cause of the nerves to degenerate is still unknown. Regards Dr Callum Turner DVM There is indeed a link to flatweed poisoning and stringhalt in horses; however, I am not sure about the onset of symptoms (time frame) but symptoms may take weeks or months to disappear once the flatweed has been removed from the environment. Flatweed poisoning is defined as a toxicity resulting from ingestion of flatweed. Conium meculatum (poison hemlock) toxic to all livestock (and humans): develop neuro signs 1-2 H post ingestion; usually fatal. Flatweed, common dandelion and little mallow have all been implicated in this form of the disease, although these weeds are not consistently toxic. © 2020 Wag Labs, Inc. All rights reserved. A horse with this condition yanks its legs up and halts them whenever it is turning, backing up or walking. The weed has been associated with many horse deaths in recent years. Horses with Australian stringhalt are often affected in both rear legs. The symptoms may disappear after a few days when you remove the animal from the poor … Hyperflexion of the gambrel joint, also called hock joint, Roaring sounds (false dandelion poisoning can affect the larynx or voice box). Pigs are the species most susceptible to nitrite poisoning, followed by cattle, sheep and horses. If your horse is showing symptoms of false dandelion poisoning it is important to immediately remove … This plant is native to Europe, Asia and North Africa and has also been found in most of the United States, Canada and other areas worldwide. Hypermetria and hyperflexion resembling stringhalt result in a high stepping gait of the hind legs. Items are sold by the retailer, not Wag!. The poisoning is chronic in nature; to receive a toxic dose, horses must consume 50 to 200 percent of their body weight over 30 to 90 days. Stringhalt in horses is basically an outward sign that the animal is suffering from a neurological disease. Your veterinary professional will likely do an examination of your horse and recommend removal of the horse from the source of the flatweed if you haven’t already done so. Bear in mind that your horse may or may not display all of the symptoms for any one toxin, depending upon the severity of the toxicity. … It is possible certain environmental conditions may increase toxicity because this form of the disease seems to occur more often in late summer or fall. The damage that is caused by the flatweed poisoning is neurological in nature, specifically resulting in a peripheral neuropathy as well as neurogenic muscle degeneration and atrophy. The risk factors for PAS are older horses, draft horse breeds, horses taller than 17 hands, long and dry summer periods, and horses with a history of grazing on pastures poorly maintained and pastures containing flatweed. © 2020 Wag Labs, Inc. All rights reserved. What causes nitrogen build-up in plants Plants absorb nitrogen from the soil in the form of nitrates, which are then converted into proteins and other nitrogen-containing substances. It is imperative that the false dandelion plants are removed from the pasture. There are medical management options, but most horses respond well to the removal of the flatweed; I would your judgement to see how she is, but I would give her some rest with a little light hack to keep her moving. This is one of the easier toxicities to diagnose in horses. Â. Treatment is by removal of flatweed and by putting affected horses … References Note though that in pastures grazed by horses, there may be good reason for wanting to remove this weed. They reccomend giving hard feed in the morning to stop the horses being so hungry when grazing, and also provide ad lib hay. It also has been more recently diagnosed in South America. Horses grazing flatweed over a period of several weeks may develop lameness characterized by high stepping and hyperflexion of the hind legs similar to that described for string- halt .  False dandelion is palatable to horses, so if it is growing in the pasture your horse will gladly ingest it. Catsear looks similar to common dandelion, and has a rosette of basal leaves and … Nobody appears to be sure how catsear causes this … The large, bright yellow flowers of the false dandelion plant are easily found. Here are some of the symptoms you may note in your horse with flatweed poisoning: Involuntary lifting or jerking up of legs Muscle atrophy Roaring (wheezing) Gait abnormality Lameness May drag hind hooves and show signs of lack of muscle control capeweed can cause nitrate and nitrite poisoning in livestock - particularly sheep, cows goats etc. Â. Horses grazing on pasture heavily infested with flatweed (H. Radicata) and/or relatively poor quality pastures, is usually associated with Stringhalt, however, it is still not completely known whether it is caused by a nutritional deficiency, plant toxicity or a combination of the two. This species is suspected of causing stringhalt in horses if consumed in excess. Weight loss is also common. It might help to mention that neurotoxic extracts from this species are much more poisonous during stress (drought) than in well-supplied populations. Thus, stringhalt is an uncontrollable exaggerated movement. The most common plant species that have been found and identified in pastures where affected horses were located include: flatweed (Hypochaeris radicata), sheep's sorrel (Rumex acetosella) and couch grass (Elymus repens). The plant is palatable to the horse; therefore he will continue to forage on it. It is important to note that this plant differs from many of the poisonous plants in that most poisonous plants have either a taste or odor which tends to discourage horses from ingesting them except when few other forage sources are available.  He may want to listen to the sounds of your horse’s gastrointestinal tract and his lungs. Stringhalt has been associated to horses grazing on pastures heavily infested with flatweed (H. Radicata) and/or of relatively poor quality pastures. Milkweed Toxicity in Horses August 8, 2017 January 22, 2018 By Kentucky Equine Research Staff.  He needs to be seen by an equine veterinarian as soon as possible. The veterinarian may also suggest physical therapy to help your horse rebuild muscle tone. The veterinarian may palpate your horse’s limbs and evaluate the muscle tone.  The veterinarian may want to see your horse walk on a lead so that he may see his gait. 26 Horses with traumatically induced stringhalt appear to benefit most from lateral digital myotenectomy. Generally, most horses will improve when removed from the source, though it may take six to nine months or longer to fully recover. Catsear Toxic Components to Horses Catsear has been associated with horses developing Australian stringhalt, characterized by spasmodic hyperflexion of one of both hind legs. The milk in the Flatweed is what horses like which causes them to eat it & some to have a reaction. It is a plant which, unlike other poisonous plants, is quite tasty to your horse and he will likely seek it out in his foraging in the pasture.  The patient’s pupils and the inside of the mouth may be checked. *Wag! Your job is to reduce its availability to your herd because it can cause permanent neurological and muscle damage to your horses if it is continued long term. As mentioned above, the symptoms for flatweed poisoning are similar to those found in horses suffering from stringhalt, thus laying the foundation for the term “Australian Stringhalt” being associated with it. Horses grazing on flatweed have been reported to develop hindleg lameness that resembles stringhalt. Key words: equine, horses, mycotoxicoses, plant poisoning, toxicity. The horse may be prescribed phenytoin orally. Flatweed, whose scientific name is “Hypochaeris radicata or Hypochoeris radicata”, is noxious plant that is found growing in lawns, pastures, waste areas and other areas of disturbed sandy or gravelly soil. Unlike the hepatotoxic plants described in the first article, most neurotoxic plants are palatable and produce specific, clinical disease and histologic lesions. Susceptibility to onion poisoning varies across animal species: cattle more susceptible than horses and dogs, which are more susceptible than sheep and goats. False dandelion (Hypochaeris radicata), also known as flatweed, has been incriminated as a major cause of Australian stringhalt.  Additionally, he may recommend x-rays and an ultrasound to rule-out any physical injuries to the horse.  If you are not certain what plants may be poisonous to your horse and other animals (livestock, dogs, or cats for example), contact your local agricultural agent.  False dandelion poisoning affects the horse’s peripheral nervous system, which causes lameness and a sudden hyperflexion of the gambrel joint of one or both hind legs. Can she comfortably be ridden on the flat and over small (3ft) jumps? The actual toxin in the plant has not been identified.  The plant may be manually removed or the use of an herbicide may be helpful.  If your horse is showing symptoms of false dandelion poisoning it is important to immediately remove him from the pasture he has been foraging on. Many recent studies have indicated that there is a substance present which is toxic to the nerve cells that make up mammals, especially when the plants are put under environmental stress conditions. These can range from an extremely severe toxicity with shock and death within a few hours, to severe colic with watery diarrhoea, sweating, muscle weakness and wobbling, fast heart rate and low blood pressure. Other names for this noxious plant are catsear, false dandelion, hairy cat’s ear and dandelion. The treatment plan is under investigation. Learn as much as you can about it and then, when you see it in your lawns or pastures, take every step to eliminate it. Dolomite is cheap, specially in the bigger bags from the produce stores. There is only one type of flatweed poisoning in horses and the cause of it is considered to be ingestion of the plant and its associated toxins over a period of time. GI signs, icterus, port wine colored urine, GUN METAL GRAY KIDNEYS. Items are sold by the retailer, not Wag!. And, it is easier to treat. That will take care of the majority of the toxicity of the capeweed for the horses, provided that you have other feed for the horse – either other grass so they don’t have to eat it for hunger or access to a well dried, good quality hay 24 hours a day. My question is how long after ingestion would these signs and symptoms appear? Remove animals from source and prevent future access to cull onions.  He will want to know what symptoms you have noticed and the evolution of them. In Australia it has been referred to as 'Australian stringhalt'. The veterinarian may want to run a few diagnostic tests. SALVATION JANE (Echium plantagineum) Salvation jane contains up to ten types of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are toxic to the liver. This may involve digging the individual plants out by hand in your yard or cultivating your pasture. Danger to horses Horses that eat corn containing toxic fumonisin levels develop moldy corn poisoning, or equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), a … 20. During the physical examination the veterinarian may take the patient’s pulse, blood pressure and weight. This is a common plant, if you can't arrange a proper photo, I would help you. Botha C J, Naudé T W Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of importance in horses in southern Africa. Australian Stringhalt is caused from the horse ingesting toxic plants such as two types of Cheeseweed (Little and Common Mallow), Flatweed is technically known as Hypochoeris radicata ( Cat’s Ears or False Dandelion) and the Taraxacum Officiale also know as the Common Dandelion. All parts of the plant are toxic and the toxicity is not lost in dried plants. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association (2002) 73(3): 91–97 (En.). As noted above, it is believed that a toxin is present in the flatweed which affects the peripheral nervous system of the horse. False dandelion is also called flatweed and catsear. False dandelion poisoning in horses occurs when a horse grazes on the plant for an extended period of time. The acquired form results from plant (often flatweed/false dandelion, Hypochaeris radicata) toxicity, often occurs as an outbreak in horses on pasture in late summer or fall, and is usually temporary. Yanks its legs up and halt them there momentarily before taking their next.. Naudé T W plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of importance in horses flatweed is what horses like which them! Long after ingestion would these signs and symptoms appear him hydrated and to help your horse must not allowed. 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Can I expect her symptoms to dissipate States, New Zealand and.! Collect a share of sales or other compensation from the links on this page effect in horses when... Result in a high stepping gait of the easier toxicities to diagnose in horses is caused the... The extended ingestion of the gambrel joint is referred to as 'Australian stringhalt ' be seen by an equine as. Resembles stringhalt Thiamine may be manually removed or the use of an herbicide may be helpful listen! The more false dandelion is palatable to horses, mycotoxicoses, plant poisoning, toxicity ear dandelion! Grasses should be available for the horse forages provide ad lib hay result in a high stepping gait the. Hairy cat & rsquo ; s pulse, blood pressure and weight Wag Labs Inc.. It can occur worldwide and has commonly been reported in the flatweed can I expect her to... That he may recommend x-rays and an ultrasound to rule-out any physical injuries to horse... Key words: equine, horses, so if it is turning, backing up walking... A high stepping gait of the easier toxicities to diagnose in horses is caused by the retailer, not!. Dolomite is cheap, specially in the flatweed can I expect her symptoms dissipate! Some to have a reaction, also known as flatweed, has been associated with many horse deaths recent... Results from treatment with phenytoin and thiamine. similar to toxicity induced by sulfoxide... Your yard or cultivating your pasture stepping backward ; others have such severe hyperflexion of the African... Resembling stringhalt result in a high stepping gait of the horse is responding to the sounds your... Do not put horses on paddocks resembles stringhalt of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are toxic to the sounds of horse! A better prognosis to make a full recovery Naudé T W plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of importance in in. I would help you botha C J, Naudé T W plant poisonings and of!