Lothal provides with the largest collection of antiquities in the archaeology of modern India. People in villages neighbouring to Lothal had known of the presence of an ancient town and human remains. Small channel widths (10–300 m or 33–984 ft) when compared to the lower reaches (1.2–1.6 km or 0.75–0.99 mi) suggest the presence of a strong tidal influence upon the city—tidal waters ingressed up to and beyond the city. In 1920-21, the Harappan civilization was discovered in the excavations by D. R. Salini (at Harappa) and by R. D. Banerjee (at Mohenjo Daro).. The mud plaster of the floors and walls are vitrified owing to intense heat during work. [35], Lothal offers two new types of potter work, a convex bowl with or without stud handle, and a small jar with flaring rim, both in the micaceous Red Ware period, not found in contemporary Indus cultures. Heavy rain in the region has damaged the remains of the sun-dried mud brick constructions. Archaeologists estimate that in most cases, the bricks were in ratio 1:0.5:0.25 on three sides, in dimensions which were integral multiples of large graduations of Lothal scale of 25 mm (0.98 in). Lothal had a highly developed bead-making industry that has not been surpassed even by the modern Cambay craftspeople working 4000 years later. In India, the most substantial and well-preserved remains of this Bronze Age urban culture can be witnessed at Rakhigarhi in Haryana, Kalibangan in Rajasthan, Rupar in Punjab and Dholavira and Lothal in Gujarat which happened to be the southern outpost of Harappan Civilisation. During the period of its existence, Indus Valley Civilization managed to give birth to numerous incidents that remain interesting to date.Out of all events, there are a few which are of interest to the people living now and then. It is also connected by all-weather roads to the cities of Ahmedabad (85 km/53 mi), Bhavnagar, Rajkot and Dholka. Expert masonry kept the sewer watertight and drops at regular intervals acted as an automatic cleaning device. [40] Salinity ingress and prolonged exposure to the rain and sun are gradually eating away the remains of the site. The engineers built a trapezoidal structure, with north-south length of average 215 metres (705 feet), and east-west width of 35 metres (115 feet). That they were the Harappan peoples is evidenced by the analyses of their remains in the cemetery. grains. Archaeologists have found beads from Lothal in lands as far as Mesopotamia and Egypt, another proof that Lothal was a thriving trade center. Lothal is a city of the Indus Valley Civilization. Drains, manholes and cesspools kept the city clean and deposited the waste in the river, which was washed out during high tide. Lothal Civilization Features Notes: Dear Telangna Aspirants, In this post we are Providing notes on “ Lothal Civilization Features ”. Municipal administration was strict – the width of most streets remained the same over a long time, and no encroached structures were built. However, it is believed that a sea goddess, perhaps cognate with the general Indus-era Mother Goddess, was worshipped. The pavements were lime-plastered and edges were wainscoted (wooden panels) by thin walls. Lothal (IPA: [loˑt̪ʰəl]) was one of the southernmost cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization,[1] located in the Bhāl region of the modern state of Gujarāt. Many sites were discovered across northwestern India. Stamp of pashupati shiva was found in Mohanjodero. The lower town contained commercial and residential areas. Dock and city peripheral walls were maintained efficiently. Lima, Peru is home to a number of different wonders of the world, and one of them is Huaca Pucllana, a massive pyramid that many people had no idea even existed. They were used as headers and stretchers in same and alternate layers. Provision was made for the escape of excess water through the outlet channel, 96.5 metres (317 feet) wide and 1.7 metres (5.6 feet) high in the southern arm. In spite of many attempts, the 'script' has not yet been deciphered. The extent of drains provided archaeologists with many clues regarding the layout of streets, organisation of housing and baths. It also showcases the uniformity of weights and measures used during the Harappan civilisation — bricks in perfect ratio while weights were based on units of 0.05, 0.1, 1.2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500, with each unit weighing around 28 g, similar to the English ounce or Greek uncia. Lothal in Gujarat is one of the primary sites of archaeology in India and its excavation work began in 1955 by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). This is the first Indus Valley Civilization site that I visited after reading so much about them. Gold, Silver, Brass, Copper, Bronze, Lead were known to them. The first great invention, this tool is called a handaxe. Trivia: The Harappan civilization is known in the world for its scientifically-constructed underground drainage system – a unique city-planning feature from 5000 years ago. Lothal was known far and wide for its bead-making industry. Lothal artists introduced a new form of realistic painting. Lothal, which means 'The City of Dead', is an ancient city dating back to the 5000-year-old Harappan civilization and one of the few known ports on an ocean. From 2600 to 1900 BC, the Indus Valley or Harappan Civilisation was at the zenith of its maturity as a sophisticated and technologically advanced urban cultural centre. Its constant threats - tropical storms and floods - caused immense destruction, which destabilised the culture and ultimately caused its end. Lothal (Manchester of Indus Valley Civilisation) in Gujara t – dockyard, double burial, risk husk, fire altars, painted jar, modern day chess, terracotta figure of ship, instruments for measuring 45, 90 and 180-degree angles. Harappa is known to be a 4700 years old city in the subcontinent which was discovered around the time 1920. INTEXT QUESTIONS 3.2 1. Again the Lothal acropolis is well known as the town center as it is the political and communication heart of the city. The Lothal city has an ancient well along with a city drainage canal which is one of its kind of the Indus civilization. Harappa Town Planning" (published in "Uttar Pradesh" in November 1961). Earth is Mysterious focuses on history, mythology and past civilizations that walked the earth. A silted creek connecting modern Bholad with Lothal and Saragwala represents the ancient flow channel of a river or creek. March 3, 2020. Throughout their time, the city had to brace itself through multiple floods and storms. Rice cultivation was found in Lothal & Rangapur. It is also considered that given the small number of graves discovered—only 17 in an estimated population of 15,000—the citizens of Lothal also practised cremation of the dead. © Copyright 2019 - 2020 Earth is Mysterious, The temple standing magnificently on a hill crescent is a unique example of monolithic temples in the sub Himalayan region. [citation needed] The bead factory had ten living rooms and a large workplace courtyard. Stagnant rain water has lathered the brick and mud work with layers of moss. Lothal, which means 'The City of Dead', is an old city dating back to the 4,400-year-old Harappan civilization and one of the few known ports on an ocean. [47] The baths were primarily located in the acropolis—mostly two-roomed houses with open courtyards. The dock also possessed a lock-gate system—a wooden door could be lowered at the mouth of the outlet to retain a minimum column of water in the basin so as to ensure flotation at low tides. Lothal brick-makers used a logical approach in manufacture of bricks, designed with care in regards to thickness of structures. [26] Animal worship is also evidenced, but not the worship of the Mother Goddess that is evidenced in other Harappan cities—experts consider this a sign of the existence of diversity in religious traditions. [30] They also invented new tools such as curved saws and twisted drills unknown to other civilisations at the time. [46], Lothal's acropolis was the town centre, its political and commercial heart, measuring 127.4 metres (418 feet) east-to-west by 60.9 metres (200 feet) north-to-south. [31], Lothal was one of the most important centres of production for shell-working, owing to the abundance of chank shell of high quality found in the Gulf of Kutch and near the Kathiawar coast. [16] Commerce and administrative duties were performed according to standards laid out.

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