This paper contributes to the dialogue on methodological options by exploring the utility of applying Qualitative Comparative Analysis using fuzzy sets (fsQCA) for understanding complex causality and the conditions that support resilience in humanitarian contexts. This paper focuses on the achievement of one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Social Economy enterprises. The drawback to these methods is the impossibility of generalizing the results to other similar cases. 8. Building Better Causal Theories: A Fuzzy Set Approach to Typologies in Organizational Research. Stevenson 2013. Net effects analysis versus configurational analysis: An empirical demonstration. Academy of Management Journal, 15 (1972), pp. Citations depending on the field of study and average citations. [1] The technique was originally developed by Charles Ragin in 1987.[2]. 447-465. • QCA is a comparative method that is mainly used in the social sciences for the assessment of cause-effect relations (i.e. To avoid the disadvantages of such samples, the authors recommend analyzing the strength of the results and propose a technique to achieve this. In doing so, JIK ensures that such studies reach a global readership of scholars, consultants, practitioners, international leaders, and policymakers who recognize the importance of innovation and knowledge as economic drivers and who base their decisions on new ideas and findings in innovation and knowledge. Aim: To describe an example of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in a study about the role of clinical placement, nursing education and patient outcomes. Markets, Culture and Institutions: The Emergence of Large Business Groups in Taiwan, 1950s–1970s. By counting the number of observations that exist for each of the 60 unique combination of variables, QCA can determine which descriptive inferences or implications are empirically supported by a data set. The number of rows in a truth table is defined by 2k, where k is the number of causal conditions. It prioritizes the development and application of methods based on comparative configuration and theory sets (csQCA, mvQCA, fsQCA, and other related methods and techniques). The technique of listing case types by potential variable combinations assists with case selection by making investigators aware of all possible case types that would need to be investigated, at a minimum, if they exist, in order to test a certain hypothesis or to derive new inferences from an existing data set. According to Schwellnus (2013), the proportional reduction in consistency (PRI) is the best option for fsQCA since it was developed by Ragin and has been applied to fsQCA. The present analysis collects data from publications on a given subject to identify factors of interest. At the same time, QCA is capable of pinpointing decisive cross-case patterns, the usual domain of quantitative analysis. The two most common variants of QCA are presented below: fuzzy-set (fsQCA) and crisp-set (csQCA). Posts about Qualitative comparative analysis written by etdlist. In recent years, the adoption of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), which uses Boolean logic, has been growing, substituting traditional correlation methods to establish causal conditions related to a particular result (Ragin & Fiss, 2008; Ragin, 1987; Ragin, 2000; Ragin, 2008; Vis, 2012; Woodside, 2016). The small N problem arises when the number of units of analysis (e.g. 12. Dr Maria Brockhaus gave this presentation in Bonn, Germany on 5 June 2013 at an event organized by CIFOR titled ‘REDD+ performance and verification: Insights f… A condition is necessary if it is present in all instances of the outcome. Currently, 54% of articles using the QCA methodology are published in these three areas. 5. 7. The good practices manifesto: Overcoming bad practices pervasive in current research in business. if a researcher claims condition X implies condition Y, then, deterministically, there must not exist any counterexample cases having condition X, but not condition Y. The majority of the articles with high numbers of citations were published between the end of the 1990s and 2011, and four of the top five are in sociology. Amenta, Edwin, Neal Caren, and Sheera Joy Olasky. Romme, A.G.L. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, (2016). The Programmatic Emergence of the Social Security State. Blackman, T. (2013), "Exploring Explanations for Local Reductions in Teenage Pregnancy Rates in England: An Approach Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis." Although the number differs from the number recorded in the WoS (Web of Science), the proportions are sufficient to enable comparison among authors and institutions (Bornmann, Thor, Marx, & Schier, 2016). The technique originally focused on small samples but further development has allowed its application to broader contexts. 1. Guarding against false positives in qualitative comparative analysis. For each prime implicant that QCA outputs via its logical inference reduction process, the "coverage" — percentage out of all observations that exhibit that implication or inference — and the "consistency" — the percentage of observations conforming to that combination of variables having that particular value of the dependent variable or outcome — are calculated and reported, and can be used as indicators of the strength of such an explorative probabilistic inference. Olya & Altinay 2015; Olya & Gavilyan, 2016; Olya & Mehran, 2017), This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 22:39. To organize the different causal configurations which lead to a particular outcome, truth tables are used (Ragin, 2009; Fiss, 2011). However, social science, in an attempt to emulate its seniors, the pure sciences, has adopted increasingly sophisticated and powerful methodologies and algorithms. This is common in areas with a high degrees of interdisciplinarity. Global knowledge management research: A bibliometric analysis. CsQCA was introduced in 1987 when there was no similar method in existence. The analysis begins with listing and counting all the combinations of variables observed in the data set, followed by applying the rules of logical inference to determine which descriptive inferences or implications the data supports. Identifying x-consumers using causal recipes: “Whales” and “jumbo shrimps” casino gamblers. Continuing navigation will be considered as acceptance of this use. FsQCA accepts the conditions with low levels of membership to a condition. The use of bibliometrics with a method as a subject of study is novel and makes a contribution to the literature. Table 1. Stevenson, William B., and Danna Greenberg. Despite being originally designed for the analysis of countries, fsQCA has been used in numerous fields other than social science although its use in the latter is more frequent as discussed in section 3. Quality in knowledge and innovation. According to the method of difference, if there is a circumstance when the phenomenon under investigation occurs, and another when it does not occur, this difference is the cause or effect or a necessary part of the phenomenon. For instance, if there were four categorical variables of interest, {A,B,C,D}, and A and B were dichotomous (could take on two values), C could take on five values, and D could take on three, then there would be 60 possible types of observations determined by the possible combinations of variables, not all of which would necessarily occur in real life. The difference in the number of publications in the next ranked journals is minimal. The basis of QCA's configurational approach is the analysis of sufficient and necessary causes to produce an outcome. In general, Fig. Based on this input, the software automatically generates three types of solutions: complex (called conservative solution by Schneider & Wagemann, 2012 , p. 162), intermediate, and parsimonious. The qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) software assists the researcher in making these assumptions on the plausibility of the logical remainders. Fig. The Journal of Innovation and Knowledge (JIK) focuses on how we gain knowledge through innovation and how knowledge encourages new forms of innovation. Journal of Business Research, 68 (2015), pp. 100% Anonymity. Number of articles using the different QCA methodologies. Thus, fsQCA is overtaking its predecessors (csQCA and mvQCA) due to the advantages it offers for configuring causal conditions based on the degree of membership rather than on categorical memberships as in csQCA and mvQCA. If a contradiction appears, it indicates to the researcher that the case and the theory available to find errors or imperfections in the proposed model must be reviewed. QCA is designed for use with an intermediate number of cases, typically between 10 and 50. These include authors or most frequently cited authors, scientific journals with the highest number of publications in the focal subject area, and the evolution of the subject area in terms of number of publications. This allocation is known as set calibration. Following the example in Schwellnus (2013), a table of individual consistency values close to zero but similar to one another, appears in first position in the fsQCA truth table (Fiss, 2007; Ragin, 1987, 2000, 2008). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Rubinson (2013) links the problems of contradictions and false positives and proposes the use of the Kirq software, which avoids reductions of the truth table when it identifies contradictions. According to Braumoeller (2015), the solution to the false positives is an adaptation to a swap test of QCA's requirements, by adjusting the error Type 1 index (false positive) of each individual test in order to include the multiple hypotheses tests and assuring a FWER (family-wise error rate) in accordance with the standards of the field of investigation. Very engaging. However, in a representation which includes configurations, some of the corners can be empty since some causal condition configurations do not occur in the reality they represent. Ethics in knowledge and innovation. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, Journal of Innovation and Knowledge 2 (2017) 45-7, Journal of Innovation and Knowledge 2 (2017) 10-4, Copyright © 2021 Elsevier, except certain content provided by third parties. In sum, JIK is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to advancing theoretical and practical innovations and knowledge in a range of fields, including Economics, Business and Management, Engineering, Science, and Education. Coverage refers to the number of cases for which a configuration is valid. Crisp-Set QCA can be considered a special case of Multi-value QCA. The field has grown exponentially since the advent of the Internet which facilitated communication among researchers around the world, and has enabled faster access to the contributions in a given area. Community Managed Forests and Forest Protected Areas: An Assessment of Their Conservation Effectiveness Across the Tropics, The Critical Shapes of Body Image: The Role of Culture and Family in the Production of Eating Disorders, Hodson, Randy, Vincent J. Roscigno, and Steven H. Lopez, Explaining Government Preferences for Institutional Change in EU Foreign and Security Policy. One condition will suffice if a particular outcome emerges whenever the condition is present (Ragin, 2008; Schneider & Wagemann, 2012). 365-381. The objective of this variant was to simplify, using Boolean logic, complex configurations, and to discover configuration models of multiple causal configurations. Bibliometrics, citation analysis and co-citation analysis: A review of literature I. Redesigning social inquiry: Fuzzy sets and beyond. Spain is among the largest producers of organic olive in the world. If the threshold is set at 0.75, the condition could be validated and would suffice to cause the result even in the absence of a supporting reasoning. In statistics, qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is a data analysis technique for determining which logical conclusions a data set supports. Qualitative comparative analysis (hereafter, QCA) is a set-theoretic method and research approach for systematic cross- and within-case comparison introduced by Charles C. Ragin (1987).At the cross-case level, a given number of attributes, called conditions, form configurations. Regional Patterns and Historical Trends in Tropical Deforestation, 1976–1990: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis. However, since 2001, the number of articles published using this method has increased exponentially from 5 to almost 20 in three years, and to more than 70 in 2015, to a total of 134 articles published in (2014 and first half 2015). Use with an intermediate number of comparisons that can be represented as corner... In: J. Goldthorpe, `` current issues in comparative politics is logical the... Describes how these contradictions can be generalized across multiple fields creates theory and knowledge but further has. Capita has to be undertaken before establishing the causal configurations presents the total number of articles the. Same time, QCA tiene otros significados de QCA Además de Análisis comparativo cualitativo QCA! 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