Papineau had thought it was important that the people of Lower Canada should have a more suitable government, rather than the small oligarchy. The revolt in Lower Canada was the more serious and violent of the two. William Lyon Mackenzie was a fiery and vocal critic of the Upper Canadian system in the 1820's and 30's. The causes of the rebellions remain controversial. In addition, the rebellion in Lower Canada also failed miserably and was short-lasted, thus it didnt have much of an impact immediately, as the government just arrested the leaders and supporters. Dec. 30, 2020. These are questions to keep in mind as we consider the steps taken to achieve Confederation in 1867. Hunter Lodges, Hunter Patriots: Lodges formed by 1837-38 rebels who sought sanctuary in the United States and proposed to launch attacks on the Province of Canada from across the border. The Rebellion in Lower Canada. Who were the main critics of the Constitutional Act? 3:43. Montgomery’s Tavern: The site of the main confrontation between Radical-Reform rebels and colonial troops in Upper Canada in 1837. The underlying cause of the rebellions wa… What was happening and what did people believe was happening? This government structure was more representative because of the partially. (See also: Francophone-Anglophone Relations.) They also challenged the powers of the British governor and his unelected advisers (see Château Clique), and demanded control over the spending of the colony’s revenues. Durham Report: The Report on the Affairs of British North America of 1839 was the product of Lord Durham’s investigation in 1838 into the causes of the crisis in Canadian politics. Apart from the numerous conflicts that pitted the two groups against each other, a major issue worsened the situation, namely the question of subsidies. Several events contributed to the rise of nationalism, which found its outlet in the insurrection of 1837. established church: The single official institutionalized religion of a state or nation. It also sparked a renewed interest in the condition of Aboriginal peoples. Have a wonderful day and holiday everybody! With the British minority in Lower Canada Consequences of Rebellion in Lower Canada: Causes of the rebellion in Lower Canada. The Constitutional Act of 1791 may have had structural weaknesses that provoked and hardened opposition and demands for reform, but it lasted for 50 years. 1834. The Rebellions of 1837 began after Papineau's rights were denied by the governor to 92 resolutions of reform. The Lower Canada Rebellion, commonly referred to as the Patriots' War in French, is the name given to the armed conflict in 1837–38 between the rebels of Lower Canada and the government of Lower Canada. They blame the British government for failing to respond adequately to the legitimate grievances of the French-Canadian majority. The Upper Canada Rebellion was an insurrection against the oligarchic government of the British colony of Upper Canada (present-day Ontario) in December 1837. Maurice Sguin, a nationalist argues the habitants were involved in a struggle for liberation. What was the role of media in the mid-nineteenth century? A simplified overview of the 1837 Rebellions of Lower Canada (Quebec). Cadigan, Sean T. “Paternalism and Politics: Sir Francis Bond Head, the Orange Order, and the Election of 1836.”, Greer, Allan. Britain replied with the Ten Resolutions. Summary. representation by population: A series of demands assembled by the Parti patriote under the leadership of Louis-Joseph Papineau in 1834. republicanism: In British North America, a pro-democracy movement; anti-monarchical and modelled on the American republic and, to a lesser degree, the French republic. The fact that Anglo-Quebecers were disproportionately represented in Lower Canada's elite over French Canadians is an undisputed matter of historical record. After the War of 1812, there was growing discontent in Upper Canada with the elite clique of politicians and officials known as the Family Compact. How might have upper and lower Canada been without the rebellion? Indigenous – Current and historical discrimination has kept Indigenous peoples in oppression. Under the Constitutional Act of 1791, the executive council was entirely appointed; under the Act of Union of 1840-41, the executive was in practice elected. While public grievances had existed for years, it was the rebellion in Lower Canada (present-day Quebec), which started the previous month, that emboldened rebels in Upper Canada to revolt. Characterized in the Victorian era by the use of lengths of telegraph wire, which ran on posts parallel to the railroads and thus kept stations in touch with one another. What values lay behind the movement to bring together the colonies and what external forces played a role? Rebellions of Upper and Lower Canada ; Textbook Answers p. 159-161; 2 1. Find answers and explanations to over 1.2 million textbook exercises. How did Lord Durham understand these events? In 1838, Lord Durham, sent to report on the rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada, condemned the “political cliques”, the Family Compact and château clique”. Immigrants – Often face discrimination and poor job opportunities, limiting their power. These policies favoured recent emigr… (1990). The article which I chose to analyse is "From Folklore to Revolution: Charivaris and the Lower Canadian Rebellion of 1837", written by Allan Greer. 2.4 Early European Exploration 2015 (2).docx, 5.3 The Western Fur Trade Web Quest 2015 (1).docx, 7.2 National Policy and the CPR Student Tasks 2015 (1).docx, 8.2 Immigration and Settling the West Student Tasks 2015.docx, 8.3 Treaties and The Indian Act Student Tasks 2015.docx, 4.3 Responsible government in BNA student tasks 2015.docx, Chapter 2 Socials Studies - Study Guide.docx, University of Regina, First Nations University of Canada, Gordon F. Kells High School • ENGLISH ENG4U, British Columbia Christian Academy • SOCIAL STUDIES BLOCK A, University of Regina, First Nations University of Canada • GEO 1001. Consequences of Rebellion in Upper Canada: The Durham Report suggested that Upper Canada and Lower Canada be united into one colony. He helped protect French language rights and, believed in democracy. At least one other feature of this period deserves careful thought, because it is so often dismissed in a cavalier way. 1, pp. Clear Grits: Reformers in Canada West who coalesced in 1850 behind a platform of universal adult male suffrage and attacks on privilege. The Lower Canada rebellion was widely supported by the populace, due to economic and political subordination of the French Canadians, resulting in mass actions over an extended period of time, such as boycotts, strikes and sabotage. This resulted in small groups of well off men in each colony having a great deal of power.  The rebellion of 1837 were armed uprisings that took place in Upper and Lower Canada, which is now Ontario and Quebec, in 1837 to 1838. For Lower Canada some of the scholars include Thomas Chapis who believed the rebellion was solely the cause the British governor in conflict with the French assembly. Some historians argue that the inherent weaknesses of the constitution in Lower Canada gave the elected Assembly the power to thwart the executive but not to control it. One expects positions to change; the speed with which British North American political leaders dramatically adjusted their thinking and their priorities in these years makes the 20th century look static by contrast. Rebellion in Lower Canada French Canadian militants in Lower Canada took up arms against the British Crown in a pair of insurrections in 1837 and 1838. telegraph: Communications technology that permits the transmission of a message electronically across significant distances. Societies of British North America to 1860, 12.3 Childhood in New France and Lower Canada, 13.2 Aboriginal Societies in the 18th Century, 13.6 Boundary Disputes and Manifest Destiny, 13.10 A Shrinking Aboriginal Landscape in the 1860s, Chapter 14. How did the forces of Toryism respond to the new constitutional conditions in the Act of Union years? Joseph Howe, a member of the assembly in Halifax, supported the Durham report and, wrote to the British government encouraging them to support it. The process of creating this role began in 1839 with the Crown Lands Protection Act and was fleshed out after Confederation in the Indian Act of 1876. humanitarianism: A movement and philosophy that enjoyed particular support in the first half of the 19th century. ultramontanism, ultramontanists: In British North America, Catholic clergy who took their institutional, spiritual, and political leadership from the Vatican. Formed the bedrock of industrial relations law, although these Acts were heavily weighted to the advantage of employers and were designed to minimize the ability of labour organizations to interfere with the ability of business to act freely. The Rebellion was started by Wolfred Nelson, Louis Joseph papineau, Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan, and Post-Conquest attempts to impose the Anglican Church on the Canadas as the established church failed. Lower Canada Louis Joseph Papineau They led a rebellion opposing the authority, What was Britain’s response and actions after the Rebellions to try and address the conflict in, Despite Lord Durham’s recommendations, the British government refused to give the colonists more, power. In the case of France prior to the Revolution and New France prior to the Conquest, it was unquestionably the Catholic Church; in Britain and its colonies, it was the Anglican Church (or Church of England). White – They are the dominant group in today’s society who hold a lot of power. In 1791, the fur trade still played a key role in the lives of merchants and seasonal workers in the rural population. His temperament and conviction led him to the point where he not only advocated armed rebellion against the colonial government but led it. Rasty Adem Recommended for you. The Lower Canada Rebellion is the name given to the armed conflict between the rebels of Lower Canada (now Quebec) and the British colonial power of that province. Edit. The Quebec Actof 1774 was a formal recognition of the failure of the project. Since the 1820s, they had peacefully opposed the authority of the Catholic Church. Donald Creighton attributes the rebellions to a long played out agricultural and commercial struggle. Some Tory values, which included a deep dislike for republicanism, survived and percolated out to influence groups that were their dedicated foes. Together, they dominated the elected Legislative Assembly. Master and Servants Acts: A suite of laws dating from the 18th and 19th centuries that sought to regulate the relationships between employers and employees. French language was banned from government use. The Compact dominated the running of the government. It was fluid and evolving while remaining deeply unchanged. Causes of the Economic Transformation and Continuity, 1818-1860s, 9.3 British North America between the Wars, 9.5 Building the Wheat Economy in Upper Canada, 9.9 Manufacturing, Railways, and Industry: Early Days, Chapter 10. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The British government worried that giving the colonists more power would lead to the fall of the, British Empire. Act of Union, 1841: The constitutional arrangement for the Canadas that replaced the Constitutional Act of 1791. Who were the disenfranchised of this period and how was their status reflected in the constitutional arrangements worked out in Charlottetown, Quebec City, and London? A contrary tide took many of the most staunchly Tory elements in Montreal into the arms of republicanism in the late 1840s as, feeling abandoned by Britain, they nearly turned their back on the monarchy to seek a future exclusively in North America. What were the objectives of the rebellions of 1837-38? Humanists argued that every individual shared a common moral significance. Classic editor History Talk (0) Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Patriote movement. Who started the rebellion? Th… Edward Ewacha 15,929 views. Title: Rebellions of Upper and Lower Canada 1 Ms. Reid Canadian History 11. Aboriginal Canada before Contact, 3.3 The Seafaring World of the 15th and 16th Centuries, 3.4 England and France in the Age of Discovery, Chapter 5. The Act of Union had a lifespan of 26 years. The two rebellions had similar causes. What solutions were proposed to the constitutional crisis in the 1820s and 1830s? Chartists: A movement for political reform in Britain during the 1830s; the supporters of the People’s Charter of 1838 — the Chartists — called for universal adult male suffrage, equitable constituencies, and other innovations, which would radically broaden British democracy. Blog. 25-43. Explain the significance of Lord Durhams Report on the Affairs of British North America. The 1860s: Confederation and Its Discontents. patrilineal: Lines of inheritance that descend through fathers to their children. How did the Constitutional Act create oligarchical regimes? Canal locks and Major’s Hill 1860 by Skeezix1000 is in the public domain. What was the Rebellion & when did it begin? How to increase brand awareness through consistency; Dec. 11, 2020 Two years later, instead of meeting the complaints and improving the colony, they increased the power of the governor! “Rebels and Prisoners: The Canadian Insurrections of 1837-38.”, Greer, Allan. This preview shows page 6 - 9 out of 9 pages. In 1832 the elections held at Montreal’s Place des Armes resulted in the deaths of three members of the largely French- and Irish immigrant supported Patriot Party. The Province of Canada retained some regional divisions, and the old colonies perpetuated their separate identities as Canada East and Canada West. There is much to be learned about the nature of British North American society through a close study of the life of someone like John A. Macdonald, and nothing is as revealing as his pilgrimage from the periphery of Toryism as a francophobic Scottish Presbyterian lawyer in deepest Loyalist Kingston to the leadership of a dualist Conservative Party. The bill tested the strength of responsible government by acknowledging, French Canadian claims to equality and power. The bill tested the strength of responsible government by acknowledging French Canadian claims to equality and power. (5), Responsible government was finally granted allowing for changes to many of the Act’s financial and, constitutional provisions. It was, as a movement, opposed to slavery and advanced the cause of working-class rights. 1.4 The Current State of Historical Writing in Canada, Chapter 2. From folklore to revolution : Charivaris and the Lower Canadian rebellion of 1837. 1837 Lower Canadian Rebellion - Duration: 4:03. What is “responsible government” in the context of 19th century politics? and How would they decide what to do? After the conquest of New France in 1760, Great Britain wanted to redraw the boundaries of its new colony. Its founders called for men who were morally incorruptible, “all sand and no dirt, clear grit all the way through.” The Clear Grits joined with the Reformers and subsequently … As historians we must ask what features of the Constitutional Act created conflict; we must also ask what features made it so durable under the circumstances. As a result of the rebellions, the Province of Canada was created from the former Lower Canada … The Rebellion Losses Bill of 1849 compensated damages suffered in the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837, was a form of social justice, and was proof that responsible government could work for French Canadians. This is a category of articles related to the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837 and 1838 which sought to make of what … Papineau, for example, embraced loyalty to the Crown for most of his career and Lafontaine did so as well. Clear Grits: Reformers in Canada West who coalesced in 1850 behind a platform of universal adult male suffrage and attacks on privilege. Subsidies were the amounts of money that the Assembl… There was also popular opposition to land-granting practices. The lower Canadian rebels would have their crops and fields burned. The commercial and capitalist orientation of the Haligonian and Montreal elites became obsessions of this new liberal professional class as well. What was the level of public engagement in this process? This would make room in the fisheries and the fur trade for merchants in Quebec City and Montreal. Trigger of the Rebellion Approx. By the 1830s the frustrations that had been building up in Lower Canada (the former New France, the former Canada, and the future Quebec) since the defeat of 1759 had reached a boiling point. Politics between 1818 and 1860 was very much like the economy. responsible government: The principle that the executive council should be subject to the approval of the elected assembly and that, should it lose that approval, the executive council can be dismissed by the elected assembly. Rupert's Land and the Northern Plains, 1690-1870, 8.4 Commerce, Collusion, and Conflict in the 18th Century, 8.10 The New HBC and the New Nation to 1860, Chapter 9. Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fountaine became the first leader, of a responsible government in Canada at this time. elected assembly that represented the people of what was once both Upper and Lower Canada. How did working people, Aboriginal peoples, and women figure into the political culture? guardian: In the case of Aboriginal affairs, the Crown (effectively, the Government of Canada) acts as the caretaker of Aboriginal lands and property in a capacity roughly comparable to that of a parent or guardian of a child. The rebellion in Lower Canada was led by Louis-Joseph Papineau and his Patriotes, as well as more moderate French Canadian nationalists. Britain agreed to unite Canada but did not agree to, responsible government. Figure 11.14 Create a new IN/OUT list of those who have power and those who do not in our current society, in Canada, similar to what you saw on slide 6 of the lesson. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. While public grievances had existed for years, it was the Rebellion in Lower Canada (present day Quebec) that emboldened rebels in Upper Canada to openly revolt soon after. For each, explain why you think they. He advocated for the establishment of responsible government and the amalgamation of Canadas into a single Union, as well as the assimilation of the French Canadiens. The Patriotes wrote a list, addressing the British government, that has the complaints for the government to think of. What weaknesses were built into the Act of Union? Try our expert-verified textbook solutions with step-by-step explanations. The British believed the lesson of the American Revolution was to restrain the power of the people. They required the support of a professional class of lawyers and notaries who would, in turn, challenge the various Family Compacts around British North America. status: In the context of laws affecting Aboriginal peoples from the mid-19th century on, the notion that some Aboriginal people have official standing as Aboriginal peoples and that the criteria behind this “status” is determined not by the Aboriginal community but by the state. Rebellion of lower Canada Cause of rebellion video and pics The causes of the rebellions is a secret because of a arrangements in Lower Canada, which gave the elected Assembly the power to accomplishing to executive but not to control it, and they blame the British government for Its founders called for men who were morally incorruptible, “all sand and no dirt, clear grit all the way through.” The Clear Grits joined with the Reformers and subsequently became the Liberal Party. 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